Friday, September 17, 2010

Getting it right...


Not long ago our friends at Lemon Hound posted an amusing and instructive take on “Bright Star”, a film by Jane Campion - all very pretty and rather insubstantial from someone who should have known better and been moved more.

A wonderful antidote is this reading by British actor Douglas Hodge of Keats’s “Ode to a Nightingale”, surely one of the finest lyric poems ever written. Listen.

Friday, September 10, 2010

Closing down the sepulchers…

Browsing - or more aptly, given this post - grazing the Internet this week I came across a question attached to one of those literary study guides that populate well-meaning high school libraries and, more recently, pedagogic websites. The subject: Irving Layton’s poem “The Bull Calf” from the book of the same name published by Toronto’s Contact Press in 1956. I should say straight away that the questions posed by these study guides always seem to me to eviscerate with a dull blade the poem at hand, but nevertheless I pressed on and read the following:

11. What similarities and differences do you perceive between animals in Layton’s poems (“The Bull Calf”… “A Tall Man Executes a Jig”… “Cat Dying in Autumn”… and in the poems of, say, Rilke (“The Panther”), D.H. Lawrence (“The Snake”), Elizabeth Bishop (“The Fish”), Margaret Atwood (“The Animals in that Country”), or Michael Ondaatje (“Loop”)?

“The Bull Calf", as many will know, was one of Layton’s earliest poems and sufficiently well regarded to find its way into A.J.M. Smith’s The Oxford Book of Canadian Verse, which is where I first encountered it. Now normally, I wouldn’t have found the citation of a famous poem in a teacherly forum particularly remarkable, but for the fact that I recently did something similar to the writer of Question 11; that is, I found myself comparing Layton’s calf poem with another poem about a calf, this one by Ted Hughes contained in Moortown Diaries (Faber and Faber, 1979) entitled “Struggle.” Yes, I know it’s not always fair or judicious to make comparisons, especially when our favourite poets are involved. But how a celebrated Canadian poem by a celebrated Canadian poet stands up against a lesser known poem by a more celebrated poet, frankly, was too much to resist.

Do I have an opinion about which poem is the better poem? Sure. In sum, the difference between the two is the difference between telling and showing, between declamation and revelation - and more besides. But perhaps you can guess.

Layton’s poem is first, immediately followed by the Hughes’ poem:

The Bull Calf

The thing could barely stand. Yet taken
from his mother and the barn smells
he still impressed with his pride,
with the promise of sovereignty in the way
his head moved to take us in.
The fierce sunlight tugging the maize from the ground
licked at his shapely flanks.
He was too young for all that pride.
I thought of the deposed Richard II.

“No money in bull calves,” Freeman had said.
The visiting clergyman rubbed the nostrils
now snuffing pathetically at the windless day.
“A pity,” he sighed.
My gaze slipped off his hat toward the empty sky
that circled over the black knot of men,
over us and the calf waiting for the first blow.

Struck,
the bull calf drew in his thin forelegs
as if gathering strength for a mad rush .
tottered… raised his darkening eyes to us,
and I saw we were at the far end
of his frightened look, growing smaller and smaller
till we were only the ponderous mallet
that flicked his bleeding ear
and pushed him over on his side, stiffly,
like a block of wood.

Below the hill’s crest
the river snuffled on the improvised beach.
We dug a deep pit and threw the dead calf into it.
It made a wet sound, a sepulchral gurgle,
as the warm sides bulged and flattened.
Settled, the bull calf lay as if asleep,
one foreleg over the other,
bereft of pride and so beautiful now,
without movement, perfectly still in the cool pit,
I turned away and wept.

by Irving Layton

Struggle

We had been expecting her to calve
And there she was, just after dawn, down.
Private, behind bushed hedge-cuttings, in a low rough
corner.
The walk towards her was like a walk into danger.
Caught by her first calf, the small-boned black and
white heifer.
Having a bad time. She lifted her head,
She reached for us with a wild, flinging look
And flopped flat again. There was the calf,
White-faced, lion-coloured, enormous, trapped
Round the waist by his mother’s purpled elastic
His heavy long forelegs limply bent in a not-yet-
inherited gallop.
His head curving up and back, pushing for the udder
Which had not yet appeared, his nose scratched and
reddened
By an ill-placed clump of bitten off rushes,
His fur dried as if he had been
Half-born for hours, as he probably had.
Then we heaved on his forelegs,
And on his neck, and the half-born he mooed
Protesting about everything. Then bending him down,
Between her legs, and sliding a hand
into the hot tunnel, trying to ease
His sharp hip-bones past her pelvis,
Then twisting him down, so you expected
His spine to slip its sockets,
And one hauling his legs, and one embracing his wet
waist
Like pulling somebody anyhow from a bog,
And one with hands easing his hips past the corners
Of his tunnel mother, till something gave.
The cow flung her head and lifted her upper hind leg
With every heave, and something gave
Almost a click –
And his scrubbed wet enormous flanks came sliding
out,
Coloured ready for the light his incredibly long hind
legs
From the loose red flapping sack-mouth
Followed by a gush of colours, a mess
Of puddled tissues and jellies.
He mooed feebly and lay like a pieta Christ
In the cold easterly daylight. We dragged him
Under his mother’s nose, her stretched-out exhausted
head,
So she could get to know him with lickings.
They lay face to face like two mortally wounded
duelists.
We stood back, letting the strength flow towards
them.
We gave her a drink, we gave her hay. The calf
Started his convalescence
From the grueling journey. All day he lay
Overpowered by limpness and weight.
We poured his mother’s milk into him
But he had not strength to swallow.
He made a few clumsy throat gulps, then lay
Mastering just breathing.
We took him inside. We tucked him up
In front of a stove, and tried to pour
Warm milk and whisky down his throat and not into
his lungs.
But his eye just lay suffering the monstrous weight of
his head,
The impossible job of his marvelous huge limbs.
He could not make it. He died called Struggle.
Son of Patience.


by Ted Hughes

Friday, September 3, 2010

Cool water secret...

Where are the songs of spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too…
- John Keats

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Yes, the high days of summer are done. We mourn a little the passing season…but then look forward with hope to what lies ahead and to the words that await us. This week, a review of some wonderful words in Toronto poet Jeff Latosik's book Tiny, Frantic, Stronger.
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You’re going to like this book of poems, let’s get that out of the way first. Jeff Latosik is an intelligent poet with an interesting, wry presence and an understated style that plays well against the underachieving earnestness that infects so much poetry these days. These are strong, artful poems - all the more startling in a debut collection - and make a legitimate claim on our interest in any subsequent work.

Not that there isn’t a little tough sledding along the way. Latosik’s is also a disparately associative, oblique style as evident by the title of his book where the first two terms “tiny” and “frantic” collide semantically with that third word “stronger’. Later we’ll learn that he’s referring to cockroaches and how they’ll survive us all, but this initial incongruence in the title signals Latosik’s determination to do something different with language and challenge his readers to make connections where none is immediately apparent. Here’s part of the poem from which the title is drawn, “Cockroach Elegy”. Again, notice the range of associations assembled around civilization’s lowly, persistent bug:

Whose mind was an old-time music box,
whose hunger was fifty children playing soccer
on an unmarked field.

Who gave birth like a machine gun firing,
whose lineage took the long train from Cretaceous,
who continue scurrying away from us, tiny, frantic, stronger
. (57)

What, the reader asks, does “an old-time music box” have to do with “fifty children playing soccer”? Or “a machine gun firing” with “a long train” from anywhere, let alone the Cretaceous period? What does it all signify? Not much at first blush. Once you read beyond the odd associations and the metaphoric connection with cockroaches, however, you discover that Latosik wants our first pleasure here to be our kinetic experience of the poem during the actual reading. He achieves this partly by varying his syntax and the length of his lines and punching the ending with those three little words. But understanding what it all presumes to say about life, love and death, while important to our appreciation of the poem, remains secondary to the poem’s movement.

That commitment to the rhythm of the poem is even more apparent in the opening lines of “On Appreciating Space Exploration”:

Press your hands against the ceiling,
Notice how hot they become there on the border
of home and a sky that rolls like water
pushing its way through a hairline crack.

Step down slowly. Break a window
Or, unravel a roll of film
then try to stuff it all back in the roll. Develop.
(71)

The first two stanzas have the measured, slightly eerie visual presentation and feel of a carefully staged performance installation. Like a performance piece it also quickly descends from the rational into the absurd. I find the moment immensely compelling, but what is just as interesting is how Latosik extends the wonderfully weird and disparate associations between words early on in the book to the disparity in this poem between ideas and the existential choices humans make between ideas. “Spend a moment pondering this statement”, he says: “that the road should be built in this direction/or that direction is an equally preposterous notion.” Latosik asks – quite legitimately, I think - how rational are the statements we construct about reality? and then answers the question by saying Not very rational at all; in fact much of what we say and the choices we make end in absurdity.

The paradox is that this in itself is a statement, a poetic statement about the accidental quality and futility of human action. The associative disparity and perfunctory, double-spaced structure of the final three lines shore up the truth contained in the statement:

Throw a fistful of marbles across a field.

Try to get inside a shoebox.

Fall off something.


Like much of Latosik’s poetry, this poem answers a demand for the strange, for the surreal. In this regard, his poems put me in mind of the painters Magritte and Dali as much as they do André Breton by their close juxtaposition of normally unrelated objects and ideas so that we see the larger picture – our life - in a new light or fresher perspective. Again, statement, if it’s required at all, merely rounds out our experience, so that the confluence between what we experience and what we understand, between sensuality and sense, makes a well crafted poem a memorable poem.

I stress this point because of what Jeff Latosik had to say recently about the secondary role of meaning in poetry – an assertion severely undercut by two competing strains in this book of poems, i.e. the surreal and a desire (all too rare among poets) to say something of lasting meaning to readers. Readers may have to suspend their expectations around sense or meaning to the end of the poem and often for a second reading of the poem, but the fact remains Tiny, Frantic, Stronger also tries to achieve the unity and understanding Eliot tells us even the most disjunctive verse seeks.

That effort reaches its apex in one of the book’s best poem’s “Cactus Love”, and worth citing here in its entirety:

The cactus keeping its cool water secret
is simple to love: as if all that is hard in us,
closed up tight as a fist in a pocket
can still be loved, need not be relieved.

To prick your thumb, to call that conversation,
in a quiet room when you’re tired of speaking
and someone you’ve kissed all light from
is curled under a blanket in her own wrinkled mood.

The cactus, which thrives in irascible sunlight,
cracked earth and stone. Calm as a soldier’s
silent sleeves. The cactus knows there is
even a war in the cracks between stones.

The cactus leaning into February sun:
a long green tongue that never tells us
yes or no. To have brushed the webs from
its tiny perfect spikes and considered forgiveness.

One blue flower that closes like a door
when Spring curves to Summer. To smell it and find
your way back to the morning. To find your way
back to the light on the bed.

The cactus keeping its cool water secret
with a stillness you had once, long ago,
in a place where you laid down, but had to get up from,
to go on into your armourless life.
(67)

Latosik’s poems are not without their weaknesses, notably his overuse of the "to infinitive” (e.g. “To go all in”… “To lift the latch. To let contentment/hitch up its trailer”…“To hold a coup d’état” etc.). It’s an all too familiar trope in prose and poetry, which tends to make several of Latosik’s poems a little too solemn for my taste. Still, the device works well here in this poem, and more importantly supports a poetic thought that is rounded out, complete, and touching in its final effects.

There’s also a decidedly moral thrust behind Latosik's poetry that I like very much (moral not in any religious sense, but in the respect and nurture we owe each other as fellow creatures). His teasing, playful manner and a thoughtful, slightly more metaphysical approach to poetry than we’re used to makes this book well worth picking up and Latosik’s poetic career well worth following.

Jeff Latosik’s award-winning poems have appeared in magazines and journals across the country. He won the P.K. Page Founders’ Award from The Malahat Review in 2007, placed first in THIS Magazine’s Great Canadian Literary Hunt in 2008, and was a finalist for the RBC Bronwen Wallace Award for 2008. He teaches at Humber College in Toronto. Tiny, Frantic, Stronger (Insomniac Press, 2010) is his first book.
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Next week, Catherine Graham reflects upon her time in Northern Ireland and her encounter with Polish poet Czeslaw Milosz.

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